日期与时间格式

日期和时间格式由日期和时间模式字符串指定。在日期和时间模式字符串中，未加引号的字母 ‘A’ 到 ‘Z’ 和 ‘a’ 到 ‘z’ 被解释为模式字母，用来表示日期或时间字符串元素。文本可以使用单引号 (‘) 引起来，以免进行解释。””” 表示单引号。所有其他字符均不解释；只是在格式化时将它们简单复制到输出字符串，或者在解析时与输入字符串进行匹配。

定义了以下这些模式字母（所有其他字符 ‘A’ 到 ‘Z’ 和 ‘a’ 到 ‘z’ 都被保留）：

   字符    含义                         类型              示例
  ------  -------                     ------------      -------
   G       era                         text              AD; Anno Domini; A
   u       year                        year              2004; 04
   y       year-of-era                 year              2004; 04
   D       day-of-year                 number            189
   M/L     month-of-year               number/text       7; 07; Jul; July; J
   d       day-of-month                number            10

   Q/q     quarter-of-year             number/text       3; 03; Q3; 3rd quarter
   Y       week-based-year             year              1996; 96
   w       week-of-week-based-year     number            27
   W       week-of-month               number            4
   E       day-of-week                 text              Tue; Tuesday; T
   e/c     localized day-of-week       number/text       2; 02; Tue; Tuesday; T
   F       week-of-month               number            3

   a       am-pm-of-day                text              PM
   h       clock-hour-of-am-pm (1-12)  number            12
   K       hour-of-am-pm (0-11)        number            0
   k       clock-hour-of-am-pm (1-24)  number            0

   H       hour-of-day (0-23)          number            0
   m       minute-of-hour              number            30
   s       second-of-minute            number            55
   S       fraction-of-second          fraction          978
   A       milli-of-day                number            1234
   n       nano-of-second              number            987654321
   N       nano-of-day                 number            1234000000

   V       time-zone ID                zone-id           America/Los_Angeles; Z; -08:30
   z       time-zone name              zone-name         Pacific Standard Time; PST
   O       localized zone-offset       offset-O          GMT+8; GMT+08:00; UTC-08:00;
   X       zone-offset 'Z' for zero    offset-X          Z; -08; -0830; -08:30; -083015; -08:30:15;
   x       zone-offset                 offset-x          +0000; -08; -0830; -08:30; -083015; -08:30:15;
   Z       zone-offset                 offset-Z          +0000; -0800; -08:00;

   p       pad next                    pad modifier      1

   '       escape for text             delimiter
   ''      single quote                literal           '
   [       optional section start
   ]       optional section end
   #       reserved for future use
   {       reserved for future use
   }       reserved for future use

模式字符通常是重复的，其数量确定其具体格式。

以下是一些日期时间格式的例子：

模版	示例
`"yyyy.MM.dd G 'at' HH:mm:ss z"`	`2001.07.04 AD at 12:08:56 PDT`
`"EEE, MMM d, ''yy"`	`Wed, Jul 4, '01`
`"h:mm a"`	`12:08 PM`
`"hh 'o''clock' a, zzzz"`	`12 o'clock PM, Pacific Daylight Time`
`"K:mm a, z"`	`0:08 PM, PDT`
`"yyyyy.MMMMM.dd GGG hh:mm aaa"`	`02001.July.04 AD 12:08 PM`
`"EEE, d MMM yyyy HH:mm:ss Z"`	`Wed, 4 Jul 2001 12:08:56 -0700`
`"yyMMddHHmmssZ"`	`010704120856-0700`
`"yyyy-MM-dd'T'HH:mm:ss.SSSZ"`	`2001-07-04T12:08:56.235-0700`
`"yyyy-MM-dd'T'HH:mm:ss.SSSXXX"`	`2001-07-04T12:08:56.235-07:00`
`"YYYY-'W'ww-u"`	`2001-W27-3`